A painting of Jamestown circa 1610, a period known as the Starving Time
"The evidence is absolutely consistent with dismemberment and de-fleshing of this body" - Doug Owsley, forensic anthropologist
Newly discovered human bones prove
the first permanent English settlers in North America turned to cannibalism over
the cruel winter of 1609-10, US researchers have said. Scientists found unusual cuts consistent with butchering for meat on human
bones dumped in a rubbish pit.
"There were numerous chops and cuts - chops to the forehead, chops to the
back of the skull and also a puncture to the left side of the head that was used
to essentially pry off that side," Dr Owsley said. "The purpose was to extract
the brain. The marks also indicate that the tongue and facial tissue were removed. The clear intent was to remove the facial tissue and
the brain for consumption," he said. "These people were in dire circumstances.
So any flesh that was available would have been used."
"The attempt to [remove] the brain is something you would need to do very quickly because brains do not preserve well," Dr Owsley said.
Dr Owsley worked closely with chief archaeologist William Kelso of the
Jamestown Rediscovery Project. Dr Kelso discovered the girl's bones last year
during excavations at James Fort. Little is known about the victim apart from her age and the fact she was
English. Her origin has been confirmed by comparative studies on bones in
Cambridge. Further analysis indicates she was at one time well-nourished and ate a lot
of meat, a diet consistent with richer classes.
Researchers also have a sense of what she looked like thanks to digital and
forensic facial reconstruction. The fragmented skull was scanned, with the
digital information providing a virtual model from which to fashion a
three-dimensional replica.
"It's somebody doing what they had to do," said Dr Owsley of the
cannibalism.
Jamestown: America's First Colony
- Considered America's first permanent English colony
- Established in 1607, 13 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock
- Named after King James, who sponsored the for-profit Virginia Company of London
- Capt John Smith, who took over leadership of the colony in 1608, established a working relationship with the native Powhatan tribe
- After Smith returned to England in the autumn of 1609, the Starving Times began
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